Employment Outcomes Research Articles

One-year outcomes of traumatic injuries among survivors in Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study on the employment outcomes and functioning state

BackgroundTraumatic injury is one of the top public health challenges globally. Injury survivors often experience poor health and functioning and restricted participation in employment. In Ethiopia, there is a paucity...

Survivorship After Neurocritical Care: A Scoping Review of Outcomes Beyond Physical Status.

Following intensive care unit hospitalization, survivors of acute neurological injury often experience debilitating short-term and long-term impairments. Although the physical/motor impairments experienced by survivors of acute neurological injury have been described extensively, fewer studies have examined cognitive, mental health, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and employment outcomes. This scoping review describes the publication landscape beyond physical and/or motor sequelae in neurocritical care survivors. Databases were searched for terms related to critical illness, intensive care, and outcomes from January 1970 to March 2022. English-language studies of critically ill adults with a primary neurological diagnosis were included if they reported on at least one outcome of interest: cognition, mental health, HRQoL or employment. Data extraction was performed in duplicate for prespecified variables related to study outcomes. Of 16,036 abstracts screened, 74 citations were identified for inclusion. The studies encompassed seven worldwide regions and eight neurocritical diagnosis categories. Publications reporting outcomes of interest increased from 3 before the year 2000 to 71 after. Follow-up time points included ≤ 1 (n = 15 [20%] citations), 3 (n = 28 [38%]), 6 (n = 28 [38%]), and 12 (n = 21 [28%]) months and 1 to 5 (n = 19 [26%]) and > 5years (n = 8 [11%]), with 28 (38%) citations evaluating outcomes at multiple time points. Sixty-six assessment tools were used to evaluate the four outcomes of interest: 22 evaluating HRQoL (56 [76%] citations), 21 evaluating cognition (20 [27%] citations), 21 evaluating mental health (18 [24%] citations), and 2 evaluating employment (9 [12%] citations). This scoping review aimed to better understand the literature landscape regarding nonphysical outcomes in survivors of neurocritical care. Although a rising number of publications highlight growing awareness, future efforts are needed to improve study consistency and comparability and characterize outcomes in a disease-specific manner, including outlining of a minimum core outcomes set and associated assessment tools.

A systematic review guanxi HRM practices, formal HRM practices to improve creative performance in collectivism organization culture

This systematic review study argues that guanxi HRM practices, as opposed to formal HRM practices, may improve the employee’s performance in organizations with a collective business culture. To substantiate this claim, three decade published articles; literature from the Sage, Asia Pacific, Taylor & Francis Group, and Emerald journals are reviewed. NVivo software was used for content, coding, and analysis. The results of this systematic review study reveal that informal term of guanxi HRM practices identifies positive and productive outcomes of employees in the collectivism business culture organizations in contrast to formal HRM practices. This study is useful because it also proposes that in the future, academics and HR managers can explore the guanxi HRM practices that adhere to collectivist culture in their organizational culture, particularly in growing nations like Pakistan, both theoretically and practically to enhance employee performance to meet global challenges.

From Dual Commitment to Job Performance: Do Not Turn a Blind Eye to CO-OCB And Job Complexity

By utilizing social change theory and consistency theory, the commitment of employees to both the parent firm and local operations can effectively boost change-oriented organizational citizenship behavior (CO-OCB) and work outcomes. The study aims to examine the relationship between dual commitment and job performance via CO-OCB, and tests the moderated mediating effect of job complexity. Data was acquired by a questionnaire survey from a total of 304 employees and 22 supervisors employed in beauty enterprises in Taiwan during two different time periods. The results showed that dual commitment affects job performance through CO-OCB. Meanwhile, job complexity moderates the mediating effect of CO-OCB on the relationship between employees’ organizational commitment to local operation and job performance. The contribution to the theory and practice of this research is that dual commitment and CO-OCB can indeed bring great improvement to work efficiency and outcomes for employees in order to maintain customer satisfaction when the parent company has promotional programs to execute. Dual commitment being divided to discuss in this study effectively breaks away from current studies on only single organization and the results provide better advice for the beauty industry to focus on dual commitment, CO-OCB, and job complexity for improving work efficiency and performance. Given the intense competition, it is imperative to incorporate cross-cultural management and longitudinal investigations in future endeavors to conduct more thorough examinations.

Perceived overqualification and employee outcomes: The dual pathways and the moderating effects of dual‐focused transformational leadership

AbstractResearch findings concerning the effects of perceived overqualification on task performance are mixed. To reconcile the disparate findings, drawing on person‐environment theory, we propose cynicism toward the job and constructive deviance as contrasting dual pathways that explain the negative and positive effects of perceived overqualification on task performance and employee creativity. We also examine the moderating effects of dual‐focused transformational leadership (TFL) on the relationships between perceived overqualification and the two mediating mechanisms. We test this model using data collected from 469 employees and their 135 supervisors via two‐wave surveys. The results support the negative and positive mediating mechanisms. In addition, based on one field study and two online experiments, we find that individual‐focused TFL mitigates the relationship between perceived overqualification and cynicism toward the job, but that team‐focused TFL enhances the relationship between perceived overqualification and constructive deviance.

Customized employment for transition-age youth in state vocational rehabilitation program PY2017 - PY2020: Analysis of service outcomes and related factors

BACKGROUND: Customized employment (CE) is positively correlated with competitive integrated employment (CIE) outcomes and potentially supports transition-age youth in achieving sustainable employment. OBJECTIVE: This study examines the employment outcomes and related factors for transition-age youth with disabilities who received CE services through state vocational rehabilitation agencies (SVRAs) and their vendors from program year 2017 to 2020. METHODS: Employing a combination of descriptive analysis, binary logistic and multiple regression, chi-square tests, and t-tests, the study investigates the demographics, potential barriers, and vocational rehabilitation (VR) services received by the research sample using the RSA-911 dataset. RESULTS: The sample comprised 672 individuals with a mean age of 22.30 years. The most prevalent barrier to employment among CE participants was long-term unemployment, while Supplemental Security Income (SSI) was the most common social security benefit. Furthermore, only 13.2% of transition-age youth achieved CIE status, compared to 30.1% of adults. The key predictors of employment outcomes, including CIE status, weekly earnings, and working hours were identified. CONCLUSION: The research reveals significant differences in employment outcomes between transition-age youth and adult VR consumers. These insights emphasize the necessity for SVRAs to consider a range of factors, including demographics, potential employment barriers, and the effects of various VR services, to increase the CE service effectiveness for transition-age youth.

The Influence of Demographics and Workforce Innovation Opportunity Act (WIOA) Employment and Training Services on Employment Outcomes for Teenagers Receiving Supplemental Security Income (SSI) and Their Parents

Transition age youth with disabilities and their families can access a variety of Workforce Innovation Opportunity Act (WIOA)-funded employment and training services. This study evaluated the impact of these services on youth and parent employment outcomes. These services were coordinated as part of the Wisconsin Promoting Readiness of Minors in SSI (PROMISE) federal demonstration grant. Youth with disabilities receiving Supplemental Security Income (SSI) benefits were randomly assigned to ‘usual’ services, including those available through school and vocational rehabilitation (VR) transition services, or ‘enhanced’ case management and transition services through the Wisconsin PROMISE demonstration. Parents who consented to participate could receive educational, employment, and financial self-sufficiency services and support through the Family Service Plan (FSP) connected to the youth’s PROMISE VR case. Youth and parents could also choose to receive WIOA Title I and Title III employment and training services, as well as Youth Apprenticeship, available through the Wisconsin Department of Workforce Development’s Division of Employment and Training (DET). A hierarchical logistic regression analysis demonstrated that VR services predicted higher youth employment rates and DET services predicted higher youth and parent employment rates. A linear regression analysis demonstrated that PROMISE services predicted higher youth wages and DET services predicted higher youth and parent employment wages. Findings suggest the coordination of employment-focused services across programs leads to increases in employment outcomes. Limitations and implications are discussed regarding the relationship between VR services, DET employment and training services, and employment outcomes.

Regional disparities in health and employment outcomes of China’s transition to a low-carbon electricity system

Abstract Understanding the costs and the spatial distribution of health and employment outcomes of low-carbon electricity pathways is critical to enable an equitable transition. We integrate an electricity system planning model (GridPath), a health impact model (InMAP), and a multiregional input-output model to quantify China’s provincial-level impacts of electricity system decarbonization on costs, health outcomes, employment, and labor compensation. We find that even without specific CO2 constraints, declining renewable energy and storage costs enable a 26% decline in CO2 emissions in 2040 compared to 2020 under the Reference scenario. Compared to the Reference scenario, pursuing 2ºC and 1.5ºC compatible carbon emission targets (85% and 99% decrease in 2040 CO2 emissions relative to 2020 levels, respectively) reduces air pollution-related premature deaths from electricity generation over 2020-2040 by 51% and 63%, but substantially increases annual average costs per unit of electricity demand in 2040 (21% and 39%, respectively). While the 2ºC pathway leads to a 3% increase in electricity sector-related net labor compensation, the 1.5ºC pathway results in a 19% increase in labor compensation driven by greater renewable energy deployment. Although disparities in health impacts across provinces narrow as fossil fuels phase out, disparities in labor compensation widen with wealthier East Coast provinces gaining the most in labor compensation because of materials and equipment manufacturing, and offshore wind deployment.

The time is now: Increasing competitive integrated employment opportunities for all Americans with disabilities

We are pleased to share with you an important written testimony submitted for Senator Bob Casey’s Hearing in the U.S. Senate on “All Means All: Empowering People with Disabilities in Careers and in the Workplace.” This testimony was provided by Dr. Lauren Avellone, Associate Professor at the Virginia Commonwealth University –Rehabilitation Research and Training Center. This testimony took place on Thursday February 29, 2024. Her testimony focused on the positive impact of competitive integrated employment on people with high support needs working within the United States, the need to eliminate 14c certificates which enable subminimum wages to be paid to people with disabilities, and solutions for achieving greater employment outcomes for all people with disabilities who would like to obtain employment. Statement from Dr. Paul Wehman, Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation

An investigation into accounting and business students’ employability beliefs

ABSTRACT The accounting profession is challenged by professional shortages, declining university enrolments, and uncertainty about the profile of future accountants regarding technological advancements. It is thus timely to investigate the employability beliefs of accounting students in higher education throughout Australia. This study employed a multi-factor self-assessment of perceived employability (PE) grounded in social cognitive career theory to investigate the PE of accounting students (n = 3116) relative to other business students (n = 4973), and across degree progression. Compared with their business peers, accounting students reported greater program awareness, but their perceived communication skills, emotional intelligence, and ethical and responsible behaviour were lower than their business peers. Accounting students became more likely to reconsider their choice of program as they progressed, with accounting students in their third year or later less confident in terms of self-awareness, program awareness, the perceived relevance of their program, and their perceived ethical and responsible behaviour. The discipline-specific comparisons extend previous research and indicate that employability initiatives should be embedded early in accounting curricula to enhance students’ PE, career understanding, and related skillsets. The potential to enhance accounting students’ PE, and thus improve academic achievement, persistence, and employment outcomes is relevant to educators, curriculum managers and accreditation bodies.

Promoting quality career pathways for individuals with disabilities through the public vocational rehabilitation program

BACKGROUND: Career Pathways initiatives in Vocational Rehabilitation (VR) have emerged as a crucial strategy for enhancing quality employment outcomes among individuals with disabilities. This paper conducts a comprehensive examination of the integration of Career Pathways within VR, emphasizing its significance in aligning vocational goals with evolving labor market demands. OBJECTIVE: Drawing from the innovative Career Pathways initiatives introduced by the Rehabilitation Services Administration (RSA), this paper addresses the RSA Career Pathways Demonstration Initiatives from 2015 to 2019 alongside the ongoing Disability Innovation Fund-Career Advancement Initiative Model Demonstration Project. The paper also discusses the strengthening of Career Pathways through the development of high-quality Individualized Plans for Employment and program evaluation. METHODS: This study utilized a modified exploratory case study approach to examine past and present career pathways initiatives in state VR agencies. Data were gathered from publicly available documentation and archival records, focusing on 12 cases from two national initiatives: the RSA Career Pathways Demonstration Initiatives (2015–2019) and the Disability Innovation Fund-Career Advancement Initiative Model Demonstration Project (2021–2026). RESULTS: The study reveals a substantial, positive impact on employment outcomes for individuals with disabilities through Career Pathways in VR programs, facilitated by the integration of adaptable pathways, individualized planning, and program evaluation.

Working Hours and Employee Health: Evidence from China's Workweek Reduction Policy

This paper examines the impact of China's Workweek Reduction Policy, implemented in 1995, on state employees' health status. The study draws on data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey conducted between 1991 and 2000. Using a difference-in-differences strategy, the research compares the health outcomes of state and non-state employees before and after the policy's implementation. The results reveal a surprising finding: reducing working hours from 48 to 40 had an adverse effect on the health of Chinese state employees despite the policy not affecting their income or nutrition intake. Specifically, the policy resulted in a substantial increase in alcohol consumption, particularly among males. These insights highlight the potential unintended consequences of workweek reduction policies and have important implications for policymakers considering similar measures.

The Assistant Clinical Research Coordinator Program: A Pathway for Recruitment in Radiation Oncology

BackgroundRecruiting prospective physicians to radiation oncology can be challenging due to limited familiarity with the field. The Assistant Clinical Research Coordinator (ACRC) program can help provide early exposure to radiation oncology to trainees. MethodsThe ACRC program involves hiring a college graduate to provide administrative and research support for faculty members. The program was developed with our institution's clinical trials office, which provided guidance on regulatory compliance and training. A structured selection process identifies top candidates, and a rigorous onboarding process ensures smooth transitions between ACRCs. We report characteristics and outcomes of ACRC employees and surveyed them to assess their program experience using a Liker scale. ResultsFrom 2005 to 2023, the ACRC program paired 73 ACRCs with faculty. Most faculty (68%) are currently supported by ACRCs. In 2023, 113 applications were received for 4 positions. ACRCs have contributed to research publications (293 as co-authors, 43 as first-author) and taken on leadership roles in the department. Most program alumni have attended medical school (34 of 64 program graduates; 53%). Eight have chosen to specialize in radiation oncology (13%; 2 applying into radiation oncology; 1 in residency; 5 are attendings). Of the 25% of alumni who responded to our survey, 77% responded that the mentorship provide by the ACRC program was very or extremely effective in guiding their academic development. All respondents rated the research opportunities as good or excellent, and 77% rated the clinical experience opportunities as good or excellent. Most (77%) reported that the ACRC program had substantial or significant influence on their choice of career path. ConclusionThe ACRC program provides an opportunity to address recruitment challenges in radiation oncology by offering early exposure to the field, clinical research skills, and mentorship. With the strong interest in our job posting this year, there is potential to expand this program to other institutions.

On‐ and off‐the‐job embeddedness differentially shape stress‐related reactions to job insecurity

AbstractThe prevalence of job insecurity is increasing due to technological, geopolitical, and environmental changes worldwide, leading to negative stress‐related reactions and health outcomes for employees and productivity loss for organizations. Despite these consequences, few recommendations exist for how people can effectively cope with perceived job insecurity to mitigate stress‐related reactions. Drawing from resource‐based stress theories, we highlight job embeddedness, which captures contextual resources derived from on‐the‐job and off‐the‐job domains, as a key factor shaping employee's stress‐related reactions to job insecurity. Data collected at three time points over 12 months from 483 employees in various organizations in Japan reveals that on‐the‐job embeddedness exacerbates the positive relationships of job insecurity with both emotional exhaustion and chronic insomnia, whereas off‐the‐job embeddedness mitigates these associations. This study contributes to the literature by identifying off‐the‐job embeddedness as a bundle of contextual resources that helps employees cope with perceived job insecurity and demonstrating the contrasting effects of the two dimensions of embeddedness in shaping health‐related consequences of job insecurity.

Employment Outcomes Post Bariatric Surgery: A Systematic Review

Employment Outcomes Post Bariatric Surgery: A Systematic Review

Structural topic modeling as a mixed methods research design: a study on employer size and labor market outcomes for vulnerable groups

AbstractObtaining and maintaining steady employment can be challenging for people from vulnerable groups. Previous research has focused on the relationship between employer size and employment outcomes for these groups, but the findings have been inconsistent. To clarify this relationship, the current study uses structural topic modeling, a mixed methods research design, to disclose and explain factors behind the association between employer size and labor market outcomes for people from vulnerable groups. The data consist of qualitative interview transcripts concerning the hiring and inclusion of people from vulnerable groups. These were quantitized and analyzed using structural topic modeling. The goals were to investigate topical content and prevalence according to employer size, to provide a comprehensive guide for model estimation and interpretation, and to highlight the wide applicability of this method in social science research. Model estimation resulted in a model with five topics: training, practicalities of the inclusion processes, recruitment, contexts of inclusion, and work demands. The analysis revealed that topical prevalence differed between employers according to size. Thus, these estimated topics can provide evidence as to why the association between employer size and labor market outcomes for vulnerable groups varies across studies––different employers highlight different aspects of work inclusion. The article further demonstrates the strengths and limitations of using structural topic modeling as a mixed methods research design.

Expanding Boundaries: The Impact of Kindergarten Availability on Women's Employment in China

This paper examines the causal effects of kindergarten availability on female employment outcomes in China. Using a regression discontinuity design based on the eligibility rules for kindergarten attendance, we find that kindergarten eligibility increases the probability of rural mothers working in non-agricultural sectors and their working hours in non-agricultural sectors, mainly by reducing time spent on agricultural and unpaid domestic work. However, we do not find a significant effect for urban mothers, possibly due to the availability of private childcare options. We also show that the impact of kindergarten eligibility on rural mothers' non-agricultural employment is stronger for those from low-income households, nuclear families, and with high exposure to traditional gender norms. Moreover, we provide evidence that kindergarten eligibility reduces the non-agricultural employment of co-residing grandmothers in rural areas.

From academia to industry: A framework to securely implement big data and AI to predict college graduates' employment trajectories

The transition from academia to industry can be unpredictable, but what if we could forecast college graduate employment outcomes with both accuracy and robust security? This study introduces an innovative framework that leverages secure data analysis and machine learning to predict the employment trajectories of college graduates. By integrating homomorphic encryption, we safeguard the privacy of sensitive personal and academic data while enabling complex machine learning operations. Our approach involves meticulous data collection, feature engineering, encryption, and model development, resulting in a robust model that addresses privacy concerns without sacrificing prediction accuracy. We demonstrate our model's superiority over traditional approaches, achieving a notable increase in both security and stability. This research illuminates the potential of encrypted data analysis in reshaping predictive modeling methods, offering insights for educational institutions, policymakers, and students. Our findings not only address a pressing issue in employment forecasting but also lay the groundwork for secure and ethical big data applications across various domains.

관광관련학과 대학생의 코로나블루, 그릿과 자기효능감이 삶의 만족도에 미치는 영향

This study aims to examine the impact of grit and self-efficacy on life satisfaction among college students majoring in hotel, aviation, and tourism, and to explore the mediating effect of self-efficacy in the relationship between grit and life satisfaction. A survey was conducted among 230 undergraduate students from both two-year and four-year universities, with 216 valid responses utilized for analysis. Data collected through the survey were analyzed using AMOS 18.0 and SPSS 18.0 software. The results indicate that grit positively influences self-efficacy and life satisfaction. Additionally, self-efficacy positively influences life satisfaction. The mediating effect of self-efficacy in the relationship between grit and life satisfaction was confirmed. It is interpreted that grit positively impacted students, enabling them to persevere and support themselves during the prolonged pandemic, when short-term employment outcomes were challenging. In conclusion, there is a likelihood that individuals with higher self-belief tend to view life with a more positive attitude and experience greater satisfaction. This study contributes by attempting to understand the life satisfaction of college students experiencing COVID-19 blues and providing foundational data on grit and self-efficacy as variables to enhance life satisfaction.

Hybrid entrepreneurship, job satisfaction and the spillover effect of creativity

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to empirically examine how individuals’ hybrid entrepreneurial venturing activities (HEVA) influence key characteristics associated with one’s wage work, namely creativity and job satisfaction.Design/methodology/approachThrough a cross-sectional self-administered survey design, data were gathered from 465 US-based useable responses via Amazon Mechanical Turk and analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM).FindingsFindings show individuals reporting higher levels of HEVA – such as creating, founding, starting or running – tend to also exhibit higher levels of creativity and job satisfaction in their workplaces. Findings further reveal that income negatively moderates the relationship between creativity and wage work job satisfaction.Practical implicationsBy providing a better understanding of how engaging in HEVA can impact creativity and job satisfaction, this study has important implications for (1) managers seeking to influence key employee outcomes and (2) employees considering such entrepreneurial activities.Originality/valueThis paper adds to the growing scholarly and practitioner interest in hybrid entrepreneurship and its outcomes. Specifically, the paper adds new insights regarding how engaging in HEVA can influence individual skills (i.e. creativity) or organizational goals (i.e. employee job satisfaction). In doing so, the paper also uses insights from the intrinsic/extrinsic motivation literature to suggest how extrinsic motivators (such as income) can interact with intrinsically motivated behaviors (such as creativity) in influencing employee outcomes in wage work. Finally, the paper contributes to the growing interest in applying the empowerment perspective within entrepreneurship research by exploring where and how empowerment may occur.